BARBAN – is a picturesque, Medieval fortified settlement in the southern part of
eastern Istria, above the Rasa River valley, on the main road Pula – Labin –
Rijeka, 27 km northeast of Pula, 18 km from the Istrian Ypsilon; has a
population of 235 inhabitants. The centre of the Municipality of Barban, which
has its way-out into the Rasa Bay, encompasses an area of 100 km2 and a
population of 2802 inhabitants. Apart from Barban, the green surrounding area
comprises some 73 villages and hamlets.
Barban's rich history dates back to
the 13th century when it belonged to the Feud of Pazin under the sovereignty of
the Counts of Gorica. In 1374, as Istria fell under the dominion of the Habsburg
family, so did Barban too. The war between Austria and Venice (1508-1516)
brought so much devastation throughout the area, that Barban surrendered to the
power of Venice in 1516. In 1535 Barban was purchased by the Loredan, an
illustrious Venetian family. The settlement remained under their rule until
1869, for as long as 334 years.
Following the war with France in 1805,
Austria ceded the Venetian part of Istria to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
Soon after France was defeated, the Congress of Vienna convened in 1815 and
added Istria to Austria. From this period until the end of the First World War
(1918) Istria was ruled by Austria.
Barban is rich in antique monuments and
curiosities: 4 churches (county church of St. Nicholas – erected in 1701 in
Baroque style, instead of an old one, much smaller in Romanesque style; church
of St. James the Apostle, church of St. Anthony the Abbot, church of Holy Virgin
Mary of the Valley); the remains of the antique city walls: the Big Gate,
“Velika vrata” (western entrance gate, constructed in 1718), the Small Gate,
“Mala vrata” (eastern gate, 1720) with its magnificent remains of the city
walls; (constructed in 1555); the tower with underground perimeter wall, remains
of the medieval citadel; Glagolitic inscriptions in the church of St. Anthony
the Abbot and Glagolitic graphite in the church of St. James; the antique
inscriptions dating back to the 1st century AD; the porch (clock tower burned in
1944) as part of the old central square and the Loredan Palace (erected in
1606); frescoes from the 15th century in the church of St. James the Apostle
(work of the master John from Kastav); a stone baptistery; a Gothic stone
tabernacle from the 15th century (work of the artist Dominique from Koper) and
wooden sculpture of St. Nicholas in the same named church; paintings on the
altars in the church of St. Nicholas done by the scholars of Palma the Minor
(1544-1628), a Titian scholar; paintings on the interior walls and peaked arch
roof from the 15th century in the church of St. Anthony the Abbot and many
others.
Well preserved Baroque and Gothic monuments, frescoes, Glagolitic
inscriptions, churches, palaces, city walls and the antique chivalry game Trka
na prstenac, make Barban a favourable destination for those interested in
cultural and historical heritage.
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